Hanami and Momijigari
The equinoxes also inspire a deep appreciation for the beauty of nature. The vernal equinox, or Shūnbun no hi, is associated with hanami, where people gather for joyous picnics under blooming cherry trees. In autumn, the focus shifts to momijigari, the observation of vibrant foliage as leaves turn bright red and gold to mark the changing seasons.
Even in today's fast-paced world, Shūnbun no hi and Shūbun no hi provide a treasured opportunity for Japanese people to step back, reflect on their lives, and express gratitude to their ancestors. These holidays serve as a gentle reminder of the cyclical nature of life and promote harmony between past and present.
During this special time, many people return to their roots, visit relatives, explore nature, and spend quality time with their loved ones. It's a wonderful occasion that highlights the importance of spiritual balance and connection with nature.
The vernal and autumnal equinoxes are imbued with deep symbolism, gratitude to nature, and a quest for inner peace and harmony. These celebrations embody the essence of Japanese culture and invite everyone to embrace both reflection and appreciation.
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What causes the seasons?In many parts of the world, weather cycles through the four seasons like clockwork: spring, summer, autumn, and winter.(more)
Practices by country or region
Mid-Autumn Festival at the Botanical Garden,
A unique tradition is celebrated quite exclusively in the island city of Xiamen. During the festival, families and friends gather to play Bo Bing, a gambling sort of game involving 6 dice. People take turns in rolling the dice in a ceramic bowl with the results determining what they win. The number 4 is mainly what determines how big the prize is.[30]
In Hong Kong and Macau, the day after the Mid-Autumn Festival is a public holiday rather than the festival date itself (unless that date falls on a Sunday, then Monday is also a holiday), because many celebration events are held at night. Many businesses let employees off early on the day before. There are a number of festive activities such as lighting lanterns, but mooncakes are the most important feature there. However, people don't usually buy mooncakes for themselves, but to give their relatives as presents. People start to exchange these presents well in advance of the festival. Hence, mooncakes are sold in elegant boxes for presentation purpose. Also, the price for these boxes are not considered cheap—a four-mooncake box of the lotus seeds paste with egg yolks variety, can generally cost US$40 or more.[31] However, as environmental protection has become a concern of the public in recent years, many mooncake manufacturers in Hong Kong have adopted practices to reduce packaging materials to practical limits.[32] The mooncake manufacturers also explore in the creation of new types of mooncakes, such as ice-cream mooncake and snow skin mooncake.
There are also other traditions related to the Mid-Autumn Festival in Hong Kong. Neighbourhoods across Hong Kong set impressive lantern exhibitions with traditional stage shows, game stalls, palm readings, and many other festive activities. The grandest celebrations take place in Victoria Park (Hong Kong).[33] One of the brightest rituals is the Fire Dragon Dance dating back to the 19th century and recognised as a part of China's intangible cultural heritage.[34][35] The 200 foot-long fire dragon requires more than 300 people to operate, taking turns. The leader of the fire dragon dance would pray for peace, good fortune through blessings in Hakka. After the ritual ceremony, fire-dragon was thrown into the sea with lanterns and paper cards, which means the dragon would return to sea and take the misfortunes away.[35]
Before 1941, there were also some celebration of Mid-Autumn Festival held in small villages in Hong Kong. Sha Po would celebrate Mid Autumn Festival in every 15th day of the 8th Chinese lunisolar month.[36] People called the Mid-Autumn Festival the Kwong Sin Festival. They held Pok San Ngau Tsai at Datong Pond in Sha Po. Pok San Ngau Tsai was a celebration event of the Kwong Sin Festival, and people would gather around to watch it. During the event, someone would play the percussions, and some villagers would then act possessed and call themselves "Maoshan Masters". They burnt themselves with incense sticks and fought with real blades and spears.[citation needed]
Similar traditions in other countries
Similar traditions are found in other parts of Asia and also revolve around the full moon. These festivals tend to occur on the same day or around the Mid-Autumn Festival.
The Japanese moon viewing festival, o-tsukimi (お月見, "moon viewing"), is also held at this time. People picnic and drink sake under the full moon to celebrate the harvest.
Chuseok (Korean: 추석; Hanja: 秋夕; [tɕʰu.sʌk̚]), literally "Autumn eve", once known as hangawi (한가위; [han.ɡa.ɥi]; from archaic Korean for "the great middle (of autumn)"), is a major harvest festival and a three-day holiday in North Korea and South Korea celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th month of the Chinese lunisolar calendar on the full moon. It was celebrated as far back as during the Three Kingdoms period in Silla. As a celebration of the good harvest, Koreans visit their ancestral hometowns, honor their ancestors in a family ceremony (차례), and share a feast of Korean traditional food such as songpyeon (송편), tohrangook (토란국), and rice wines such as sindoju and dongdongju.[citation needed]
Many festivals revolving around a full moon are also celebrated in Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar. Like the Mid-Autumn Festival, these festivals have Buddhist origins and revolve around the full moon. However, unlike their East Asian counterparts they occur several times a year to correspond with each full moon as opposed to one day each year. The festivals that occur in the lunar months of Ashvini and Kṛttikā generally occur during the Mid-Autumn Festival.[39][40]
In Cambodia, it is more commonly called "The Water and Moon Festival" Bon Om Touk.[41] The Water and Moon festival is celebrated in November of every year. It is a three-day celebration, starting with the boat race that last the first two days of the festival. The boat races are colorfully painted with bright colors and is in various designs being most popular the neak, Cambodian sea dragon. Hundreds of Cambodian males take part in rowing the boats and racing them at the Tonle Sap River. When night falls the streets are filled with people buying food and attending various concerts.[42] In the evening is the Sampeah Preah Khae: the salutation to the moon or prayers to the moon.[43] The Cambodian people set an array of offerings that are popular for rabbits, such and various fruits and a traditional dish called Ak Ambok in front of their homes with lit incenses to make wishes to the Moon.[44] Cambodians believe the legend of The Rabbit and the Moon, and that a rabbit who lives on the Moon watches over the Cambodian people. At midnight everyone goes up to the temple to pray and make wishes and enjoy their Ak Ambok together. Cambodians would also make homemade lanterns that are usually made into the shape of the lotus flowers or other more modern designs. Incense and candles light up the lanterns and Cambodians make prayers and then send if off into the river for their wishes and prayers to be heard and granted.[45][46][47]
In Laos, many festivals are held on the day of the full moon. The most popular festival known as That Luang Festival is associated with Buddhist legend and is held at Pha That Luang temple in Vientiane. The festival often lasts for three to seven days. A procession occurs and many people visit the temple.[48]
In Myanmar, numerous festivals are held on the day of the full moon. However, the Thadingyut Festival is the most popular one and occurs in the month of Thadingyut. It also occurs around the time of the Mid-Autumn Festival, depending on the lunar calendar. It is one of the biggest festivals in Myanmar after the New Year festival, Thingyan. It is a Buddhist festival and many people go to the temple to pay respect to the monks and offer food.[49] It is also a time for thanksgiving and paying homage to Buddhist monks, teachers, parents and elders.[50]
The mid-Autumn festival is informally observed,[51] but is not a government or public holiday.[52]
In Vietnam, children participate in parades in the dark under the full moon with lanterns of various forms, shapes, and colors. Traditionally, lanterns signified the wish for the Sun's light and warmth to return after winter.[53] In addition to carrying lanterns, the children also don masks. Elaborate masks were made of papier-mâché, though it is more common to find masks made of plastic nowadays.[54] Handcrafted shadow lanterns were an important part of Mid-Autumn displays since the 12th-century Lý dynasty, often of historical figures from Vietnamese history.[54] Handcrafted lantern-making declined in modern times due to the availability of mass-produced plastic lanterns, which often depict internationally recognizable characters from children's shows and video games.[54]
The Mid-Autumn Festival is known as Tết Trung Thu (Chữ Nôm: 節中秋) in Vietnamese. It is also commonly referred to as the "Children's Festival".[10] The Vietnamese traditionally believed that children, being the most innocent, had the closest connection to the sacred, pure and natural beauty of the world. The celebration of the children's spirit was seen as a way to connect to that world still full of wonder, mystery, teachings, joy, and sadness. Animist spirits, deities and Vietnamese folk religions are also observed during the festival.[53]
In its most traditional form, the evening commemorates the dragon who brings rain for the crops.[54] Celebrants would observe the moon to divine the future of the people and the harvests. Eventually the celebration came to symbolize a reverence for fruitfulness, with prayers given for bountiful harvests, increase in livestock, and fertility. Over time, the prayers for children evolved into the celebration of children.[54] Historical Confucian scholars continued the tradition of gazing at the Moon, but to sip wine and improvise poetry and song.[54] However, by the early twentieth century in Hanoi, the festival had begun to assume its identity as the quintessential children's festival.[54]
Aside from the story of Chang'e (Vietnamese: Hằng Nga), there are two other popular folktales associated with the festival. The first describes the legend of Cuội, whose wife accidentally urinated on a sacred banyan tree. The tree began to float towards the Moon, and Cuội, trying to pull it back down to Earth, floated to the Moon with it, leaving him stranded there. Every year, during the Mid-Autumn Festival, children light lanterns and participate in a procession to show Cuội the way back to Earth.[55] The other tale involves a carp who wanted to become a dragon, and as a result, worked hard throughout the year until he was able to transform himself into a dragon.[10]
One important event before and during the festival are lion dances. Dances are performed by both non-professional children's groups and trained professional groups. Lion dance groups perform on the streets, going to houses asking for permission to perform for them. If the host consents, the "lion" will come in and start dancing as a blessing of luck and fortune for the home. In return, the host gives lucky money to show their gratitude.[citation needed] Cakes and fruits are not only consumed, but elaborately prepared as food displays. For example, glutinous rice flour and rice paste are molded into familiar animals. Pomelo sections can be fashioned into unicorns, rabbits, or dogs.[54] Villagers of Xuân La, just north of Hanoi, produce tò he, figurines made from rice paste and colored with natural food dyes.[54] Into the early decades of the twentieth century of Vietnam, daughters of wealthy families would prepare elaborate center pieces filled with treats for their younger siblings. Well-dressed visitors could visit to observe the daughter's handiwork as an indication of her capabilities as a wife in the future. Eventually the practice of arranging centerpieces became a tradition not just limited to wealthy families.[54]
Into the early decades of the twentieth century Vietnam, young men and women used the festival as a chance to meet future life companions. Groups would assemble in a courtyard and exchange verses of song while gazing at the Moon. Those who performed poorly were sidelined until one young man and one young woman remained, after which they would win prizes as well as entertain matrimonial prospects.[54]
Onam is an annual Harvest festival in the state of Kerala in India.[56][57] It falls on the 22nd nakshatra Thiruvonam in the Malayalam calendar month of Chingam, which in Gregorian calendar overlaps with August–September.[58][56] According to legends, the festival is celebrated to commemorate King Mahabali, whose spirit is said to visit Kerala at the time of Onam.[59][60]
Onam is a major annual event for Malayali people in and outside Kerala.[61][62][63] It is a harvest festival, one of three major annual Hindu celebrations along with Vishu and Thiruvathira, and it is observed with numerous festivities. Onam celebrations include Vallam Kali (boat races), Pulikali (tiger dances), Pookkalam (flower Rangoli), Onathappan (worship), Onam Kali, Tug of War, Thumbi Thullal (women's dance), Kummattikali (mask dance), Onathallu (martial arts), Onavillu (music), Kazhchakkula (plantain offerings), Onapottan (costumes), Atthachamayam (folk songs and dance), and other celebrations.
Onam is the official state festival of Kerala[56][64] with public holidays that start four days from Uthradom (Onam eve). Major festivities take place across 30 venues in Thiruvananthapuram, capital of Kerala. It is also celebrated by Malayali diaspora around the world. Though a Hindu festival, non-Hindu communities of Kerala participate in Onam celebrations considering it as a cultural festival.
Sharad Purnima is a harvest festival celebrated on the full moon day of the Hindu lunar month of Ashvin (September–October), marking the end of the monsoon season.
In Sri Lanka, a full moon day is known as Poya and each full moon day is a public holiday. Shops and businesses are closed on these days as people prepare for the full moon.[65][better source needed] Exteriors of buildings are adorned with lanterns and people often make food and go to the temple to listen to sermons.[66] The Binara Full Moon Poya Day and Vap Full Moon Poya Day occur around the time of the Mid-Autumn Festival and like other Buddhist Asian countries, the festivals celebrate the ascendance and culmination of the Buddha's visit to heaven and for the latter, the acknowledgement of the cultivation season known as "Maha".[67][68][69]
The Jewish harvest festival of Sukkot is a cognate celebration, begins on the fifteenth day of the lunar month Tishrei, which is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. Because of similarities between this calendar and the Chinese calendar, this often coincides with the Mid-Autumn Festival.[70]
As late as 2014, the Mid-Autumn Festival generally went unnoticed outside of Asian supermarkets and food stores,[71] but it has gained popularity since then in areas with significant ethnic Chinese overseas populations, such as New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, and San Francisco.[72] Unlike traditions in China, celebrations in the United States are usually limited to daylight hours, and generally conclude by early evening.[73]
The Mid-Autumn Festival is held on the 15th day of the eighth month in the Han calendar—essentially the night of a full moon—which falls near the Autumnal Equinox (on a day between 8 September and 7 October in the Gregorian calendar). It will occur on these days in coming years:[83]
Đăng ký thành công, vui lòng đăng nhập
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Autumnal equinox or variations, may refer to:
Topics referred to by the same term
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Public holiday in Japan
This article is about the Japanese holiday. For the general topic, see
Autumnal Equinox Day (秋分の日, Shūbun no Hi) is a public holiday in Japan that usually occurs on September 22 or 23, the date of Southward equinox in Japan Standard Time (autumnal equinox can occur on different dates for different time zones). Due to the necessity of recent astronomical measurements, the date of the holiday is not officially declared until February of the previous year. Autumnal Equinox Day became a public holiday in 1948. In 1947 and before, it was the date of Shūki kōreisai (秋季皇霊祭), an event relating to Shinto. Like other holidays, this holiday was repackaged as a non-religious holiday for the sake of separation of religion and state in Japan's postwar constitution.
Courtship and matchmaking
The Mid-Autumn moon has traditionally been a choice occasion to celebrate marriages. Girls would pray to Moon deity Chang'e to help fulfill their romantic wishes.[4]
In some parts of China, dances are held for young men and women to find partners. For example, young women are encouraged to throw their handkerchiefs to the crowd, and the young man who catches and returns the handkerchief has a chance at romance.[1] In Daguang, in southwest Guizhou Province, young men and women of the Dong people would make an appointment at a certain place. The young women would arrive early to overhear remarks made about them by the young men. The young men would praise their lovers in front of their fellows, in which finally the listening women would walk out of the thicket. Pairs of lovers would go off to a quiet place to open their hearts to each other.[17]
During the 1920s and 1930s, ethnographer Chao Wei-pang conducted research on traditional games among men, women and children on or around the Mid-Autumn day in the Guangdong Province. These games relate to flights of the soul, spirit possession, or fortunetelling.[20]
Vernal and Autumnal Equinox Days
Shūnbun no hi (春分の日, Vernal Equinox) and Shūbun no hi (秋分の日, Autumnal Equinox) are significant days in Japanese culture, marking the change of seasons, and are revered with deep respect. These equinoxes are celebrated twice a year, on March 20 or 21 and on September 22 or 23, two moments in the year when day and night are of equal length. These days are official holidays in Japan, during which the Japanese engage in ancient rituals and traditions.
Origins and development
The Chinese have celebrated the harvest during the autumn full moon since the Shang dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BCE).[13][14] The term mid-autumn (中秋) first appeared in Rites of Zhou, a written collection of rituals of the Western Zhou dynasty (1046–771 BCE).[1] As for the royal court, it was dedicated to the goddess Taiyinxingjun (太陰星君; Tàiyīn xīng jūn). This is still true for Taoism and Chinese folk religion.[15][16]
The celebration as a festival only started to gain popularity during the early Tang dynasty (618–907 CE).[1] One legend explains that Emperor Xuanzong of Tang started to hold formal celebrations in his palace after having explored the Moon-Palace.[13]
By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Mid-Autumn Festival had become one of the main folk festivals in China. The Empress Dowager Cixi (late 19th century) enjoyed celebrating Mid-Autumn Festival so much that she would spend the period between the thirteenth and seventeenth day of the eighth month staging elaborate rituals.[4]
, the Moon Goddess of Immortality
helplessly looking at his wife Chang'e flying off to the Moon after she drank the elixir.
An important part of the festival celebration is Moon worship. The ancient Chinese believed in rejuvenation being associated with the Moon and water, and connected this concept to menstruation, calling it "monthly water".[17] The Zhuang people, for example, have an ancient fable saying the Sun and Moon are a couple and the stars are their children, and when the Moon is pregnant, it becomes round, and then becomes crescent after giving birth to a child. These beliefs made it popular among women to worship and give offerings to the Moon on this evening.[17] In some areas of China, there are still customs in which the "men do not worship the moon and the women do not offer sacrifices to the kitchen gods."[17]
In China, the Mid-Autumn Festival symbolizes the family reunion and on this day, all families will appreciate the Moon in the evening, because it is the 15th day of the eighth month of the Chinese lunisolar calendar, when the moon is at its fullest.
Offerings are also made to a more well-known lunar deity, Chang'e, known as the Moon Goddess of Immortality. The myths associated with Chang'e explain the origin of Moon worship during this day. One version of the story is as follows, as described in Lihui Yang's Handbook of Chinese Mythology:[18]
In the ancient past, there was a hero named Hou Yi who was excellent at archery. His wife was Chang'e. One year, the ten suns rose in the sky together, causing great disaster to the people. Yi shot down nine of the suns and left only one to provide light. An immortal admired Yi and sent him the elixir of immortality. Yi did not want to leave Chang'e and be immortal without her, so he let Chang'e keep the elixir. However, Peng Meng, one of his apprentices, knew this secret. So, on the fifteenth of August in the Chinese lunisolar calendar, when Yi went hunting, Peng Meng broke into Yi's house and forced Chang'e to give the elixir to him. Chang'e refused to do so. Instead, she swallowed it and flew into the sky. Since she loved her husband and hoped to live nearby, she chose the moon for her residence. When Yi came back and learned what had happened, he felt so sad that he displayed the fruits and cakes Chang'e liked in the yard and gave sacrifices to his wife. People soon learned about these activities, and since they also were sympathetic to Chang'e they participated in these sacrifices with Yi.
"when people learned of this story, they burnt incense on a long altar and prayed to Chang'e, now the goddess of the Moon, for luck and safety. The custom of praying to the Moon on Mid-Autumn Day has been handed down for thousands of years since that time."[19]
Handbook of Chinese Mythology also describes an alternate common version of the myth:[18]
After the hero Houyi shot down nine of the ten suns, he was pronounced king by the thankful people. However, he soon became a conceited and tyrannical ruler. In order to live long without death, he asked for the elixir from Xiwangmu. But his wife, Chang'e, stole it on the fifteenth of August because she did not want the cruel king to live long and hurt more people. She took the magic potion to prevent her husband from becoming immortal. Houyi was so angry when discovered that Chang'e took the elixir, he shot at his wife as she flew toward the moon, though he missed. Chang'e fled to the moon and became the spirit of the moon. Houyi died soon because he was overcome with great anger. Thereafter, people offer a sacrifice to Chang'e on every fifteenth day of eighth month to commemorate Chang'e's action.
The festival was a time to enjoy the successful reaping of rice and wheat with food offerings made in honor of the moon. Today, it is still an occasion for outdoor reunions among friends and relatives to eat mooncakes and watch the Moon, a symbol of harmony and unity.[20] During a year of a solar eclipse, it is typical for governmental offices, banks, and schools to close extra days in order to enjoy the extended celestial celebration an eclipse brings. The festival is celebrated with many cultural or regional customs, among them:
For information on a different festival that also involves lanterns, see
Mid-Autumn Festival lanterns in Chinatown, Singapore
Mid-Autumn Festival lanterns at a shop in Hong Kong
A notable part of celebrating the holiday is the carrying of brightly lit lanterns, lighting lanterns on towers, or floating sky lanterns.[1] Another tradition involving lanterns is to write riddles on them and have other people try to guess the answers (simplified Chinese: 灯谜; traditional Chinese: 燈謎; pinyin: dēng mí; lit. 'lantern riddles').[21]
It is difficult to discern the original purpose of lanterns in connection to the festival, but it is certain that lanterns were not used in conjunction with Moon-worship prior to the Tang dynasty.[13] Traditionally, the lantern has been used to symbolize fertility, and functioned mainly as a toy and decoration. But today the lantern has come to symbolize the festival itself.[13] In the old days, lanterns were made in the image of natural things, myths, and local cultures.[13] Over time, a greater variety of lanterns could be found as local cultures became influenced by their neighbors.[13]
As China gradually evolved from an agrarian society to a mixed agrarian-commercial one, traditions from other festivals began to be transmitted into the Mid-Autumn Festival, such as the putting of lanterns on rivers to guide the spirits of the drowned as practiced during the Ghost Festival, which is observed a month before.[13] Hong Kong fishermen during the Qing dynasty, for example, would put up lanterns on their boats for the Ghost Festival and keep the lanterns up until Mid-Autumn Festival.[13]
Typical lotus bean-filled mooncakes eaten during the festival
Making and sharing mooncakes is one of the hallmark traditions of this festival. In Chinese culture, a round shape symbolizes completeness and reunion. Thus, the sharing and eating of round mooncakes among family members during the week of the festival signifies the completeness and unity of families.[22] In some areas of China, there is a tradition of making mooncakes during the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival.[23] The senior person in that household would cut the mooncakes into pieces and distribute them to each family member, signifying family reunion.[23] In modern times, however, making mooncakes at home has given way to the more popular custom of giving mooncakes to family members, although the meaning of maintaining familial unity remains.[citation needed]
Although typical mooncakes can be around a few centimetres in diameter, imperial chefs have made some as large as 8 meters in diameter, with its surface pressed with designs of Chang'e, cassia trees, or the Moon-Palace.[20] One tradition is to pile 13 mooncakes on top of each other to mimic a pagoda, the number 13 being chosen to represent the 13 months in a full Chinese lunisolar year.[20] The spectacle of making very large mooncakes continues in modern China.[24]
According to Chinese folklore, a Turpan businessman offered cakes to Emperor Taizong of Tang in his victory against the Xiongnu on the fifteenth day of the eighth Chinese lunisolar month. Taizong took the round cakes and pointed to the moon with a smile, saying, "I'd like to invite the toad to enjoy the hú (胡) cake." After sharing the cakes with his ministers, the custom of eating these hú cakes spread throughout the country.[25] Eventually these became known as mooncakes. Although the legend explains the beginnings of mooncake-giving, its popularity and ties to the festival began during the Song dynasty (906–1279 CE).[13]
Another popular legend concerns the Han Chinese's uprising against the ruling Mongols at the end of the Yuan dynasty (1280–1368 CE), in which the Han Chinese used traditional mooncakes to conceal the message that they were to rebel on Mid-Autumn Day.[21] Because of strict controls upon Han Chinese families imposed by the Mongols in which only 1 out of every 10 households was allowed to own a knife guarded by a Mongolian, this coordinated message was important to gather as many available weapons as possible.
History of the Holidays
In ancient times, the days of the equinoxes were celebrated to thank the spirits of nature for a good harvest and to pray for the fertility of the land. Since the reign of Prince Shōtoku (574-622 CE), the celebration of the equinoxes has taken on a more spiritual significance, with memorial rituals in honour of the deceased, and relatives visiting the graves of their ancestors to pay their respects.
In the Meiji era (1868-1912), the equinoxes were declared public holidays to honour the imperial family's ancestors. A little later, the deceased in general were paid tribute on these days. In addition, the autumnal equinox, Shūbun no hi, marks the end of the harvest and the beginning of preparations for winter.
Higan week, the equinoctial week of spring and autumn, is a poignant period in Japan when families gather to honour their ancestors. During this time, people visit family gravesites, bring flowers, clean the tombs, and perform rituals while making heartfelt offerings. The equinox days fall in the middle of this reflective week, deepening the meaning of the celebrations.
Buddhism teaches that the equinoxes are especially sacred because the worlds of the living and the dead come closer together. According to this belief, the souls of the deceased must cross a bridge over the Sanzu River, a metaphorical stream filled with regret and sorrow. If they can survive the challenges and judgements on their way to their final resting place and successfully cross the river, enlightenment—known as higan—awaits them on the other side. Many people visit Buddhist temples during this time to pray for these souls, often reciting sutras and meditating in quiet.
During higan, meat is typically set aside, and traditional Japanese dishes take centre stage. The emphasis is on healthy meals based on vegetables, beans, mushrooms, and rice. Delicacies such as botamochi (ぼたもち) (for spring) and ohagi (おはぎ) (for autumn), both sweet rice balls coated in red bean paste, are favourite treats during this season.
Recent Japanese equinoxes
Past observed and future calculated equinoxes in Japan Standard Time.[1]
On this day, people will reconnect with their families by tending to the graves of ancestors and visiting shrines and temples. People also celebrate the good weather and autumn harvest by enjoying outdoor activities and eating Shūbun no Hi snacks such as botamochi– a ball of sweet rice in azuki paste.
Ethnic minorities in mainland China
In Taiwan, and its outlying islands Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu, the Mid-Autumn Festival is a public holiday. Outdoor barbecues have become a popular affair for friends and family to gather and enjoy each other's company.[37] Children also make and wear hats made of pomelo rinds. It is believed Chang'e, the lady in the moon, will notice children with her favorite fruit and bestow good fortune upon them. [38]
Kalian tahu nggak, kalau 23 September merupakan hari libur nasional di Jepang.
Nama hari libur ini adalah 秋分の日 (shuubun no hi) atau Autumn Equinox Day.
Hari libur ini awalnya bernama 秋季皇霊祭 (shuuki koureisai), yaitu hari memuja/berdoa kepada arwah kaisar-kaisar Jepang yang telah tiada.
Lama-kelamaan, setelah zaman perang, rakyat pun mulai mengikuti dan pada tahun 1948, tanggal 23 September ditetapkan sebagai hari libur nasional bernama 秋分の日.
Tapi sebenarnya, 秋分の日 belum tentu jatuh pada tanggal 23 September.
Bisa jadi jatuh pada 22 September atau 21 September, namun telah ditetapkan sampai tahun 2044, 秋分の日 jatuh pada tanggal 23 September.
Kenapa kok bisa berbeda-beda?
Untuk menjawab ini, mari kita pahami arti makna 秋分の日 terlebih dahulu
Dalam agama buddha, ada hari yang disebut お彼岸 (ohigan).
Arti dari ohigan adalah surga/nirvana, tempat orang arwah orang-orang yang telah meninggal dunia.
Sebaliknya, dunia tempat kita hidup sekarang disebut 此岸 (shigan).
彼岸 (higan) berada di sebelah barat, dan 此岸 (shigan) berada di sebelah timur.
Di tanggal 23 September, panjang siang dan panjang malam sama lamanya, dan matahari terbit tepat dari timur ke barat.
Karena itu, dianggap kalau pada hari ini higan dan shigan paling mudah terhubung. (Hari dimana dunia arwah/nirvana dan dunia kita mudah terhubung.)
Karena itulah, di hari ini adalah kesempatan terbaik untuk ""berkomunikasi"" dengan arwah-arwah leluhur kita yang telah meninggal.
Karena hari dimana panjang siang dan malam sama belum tentu selalu jatuh di tanggal 23 September, jadi 秋分の日 belum tentu jatuh di 23 September juga, namun diprediksi sampai 2044 akan selalu jatuh di 23 September.
Pada hari ini juga kita bisa merasakan pergantian musim dari musim panas ke musim gugur.
Selain 秋分の日 (shuubun no hi), ada juga 春分の日 (shunbun no hi) yaitu Spring Equinox Day yang jatuh pada tanggal 21 Maret.
Pada 春分の日, panjang siang dan malam juga sama.
Jadi dalam setahun ada 2 kali kesempatan terbaik untuk ""berkomunikasi dengan arwah leluhur"".
Pada 春分の日, selain berdoa untuk arwah para leluhur, kita juga berdoa untuk kesuksesan pertanian.
Kemudian, pada 秋分の日, kita berdoa untuk berterimakasih/beryukur atas hasil panen.
Nah, apa kalian sudah paham tentang makna 秋分の日 ini?
Lalu apa yang dilakukan oleh Orang Jepang di hari ini?
Biasanya, Orang Jepang akan membuat kue bernama おはぎ (ohagi), yaitu semacam nasi kepal yang dibalut kacang merah bersama keluarga, kemudian pergi mengunjungi kuburan bersama-sama.
Mereka juga akan bersih-bersih kuburan bersama.
Bagaimana menurut kalian tentang budaya Jepang yang satu ini?
Tetap terhubung dengan WA. SA. Bi. untuk tahu lebih dalam mengenai kehidupan di Jepang.
Kami juga memiliki info lowongan pekerjaan bagi kalian yang sedang mencari pekerjaan di Jepang
Untuk informasi lebih lanjut tentang belajar bahasa Jepang atau lowongan pekerjaan:
Chinese harvest festival
The Mid-Autumn Festival (for other names, see § Etymology) is a harvest festival celebrated in Chinese culture. It is held on the 15th day of the 8th month of the Chinese lunisolar calendar with a full moon at night, corresponding to mid-September to early October of the Gregorian calendar.[1] On this day, the Chinese believe that the moon is at its brightest and fullest size, coinciding with harvest time in the middle of autumn.[2]
The Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the most important holidays in Chinese culture; its popularity is on par with that of Chinese New Year. The history of the festival dates back over 3,000 years.[3][4] Similar festivals are celebrated by other cultures in East and Southeast Asia.
During the festival, lanterns of all size and shapes – which symbolize beacons that light people's path to prosperity and good fortune – are carried and displayed. Mooncakes, a rich pastry typically filled with sweet-bean, egg yolk, meat or lotus-seed paste, are traditionally eaten during this festival.[5][6][7] The Mid-Autumn Festival is based on the legend of Chang'e, the Moon goddess in Chinese mythology.
The festival is so-named as it is held around the autumn equinox on the 15th of the 8th lunisolar month in the Chinese calendar.[4] Its name varies among Sinitic languages, with the most common one being Mid-Autumn Festival or simply Mid-Autumn (中秋), as well as its traditional calendar date, either Fifteenth of the Eighth Month or Half of the Eighth Month, which is more regional. Other regional names include Eighth Month Festival, used in places such as Northeast China, Southern Fujian, and Jianghuai; Festival of Unity (simplified Chinese: 团圆节; traditional Chinese: 團圓節; Wugniu: doe2-yoe2-ciq7; Nanjingese: tuang2 üän2 zie5), used in Shanghai and Nanjing; and Mooncake Festival (simplified Chinese: 月饼节; traditional Chinese: 月餅節; Jyutping: jyut6 beng2 zit3), used in Guangdong and Hong Kong.[8] Outside China, there are several other names for the festival:
The festival celebrates three fundamental concepts that are closely connected:
Traditions and myths surrounding the festival are formed around these concepts,[13] although traditions have changed over time due to changes in technology, science, economy, culture, and religion.[13]
